Методическое пособие по английскому языку для самостоятельной работы студентов дневного и заочного отделений колледжа

The Pope and the Price of Fish

1. 
   Неличные формы глагола.
   

1. 
   Совмещают в себе признаки нескольких частей речи, т.е. наряду с глагольными свойствами они имеют свойства имени существительного (инфинитив, герундий), прилагательного и наречия (причастие) и , следовательно, могут выполнять их функции в предложении. Это могут быть функции подлежащего, части сказуемого, дополнения, определения и обстоятельства.
   
2. 
   Выражают действие без указания лица, числа, времени и наклонения, поэтому в предложении не могут быть сказуемым, а лишь значимой частью сказуемого.
   
3. 
   Имеют формы залога (Active, Passive) и времени (Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous), которые лишь на то, как протекало действие по отношению к действию, выраженному сказуемым. Формы Indefinite и Continuous показывают, что действие протекало одновременно с действием сказуемого. Формы Perfect и Perfect Continuous показывают, что действие предшествовало действию сказуемого, причём формы Continuous и Perfect Continuous выражают длительное действие.
   
4. 
   Могут употребляться в сочетании с зависимыми словами, образуя обороты.
   

2. 
   Инфинитив.
   

• 
  после модальных глаголов must, can, may, should, would, need.
  

• 
  после глаголов to make – заставлять, to let – позволять, to help – помогать.
  

• 
  в обороте «объектный падеж с инфинитивом» после глаголов чувственного восприятия.
  

• 
  после выражений had better – лучше бы, would rather, would sooner – предпочёл бы.
  

	Действительный залог (Active)	Страдательный залог (Passive)
Indefinite Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous	to ask to be asking to have asked to have been asking	to be asked - to have been asked -

• 
  подлежащее;
  

• 
  часть сказуемого;
  

• 
  дополнение;
  

• 
  определение;
  

• 
  обстоятельство.
  

Существительное (в общем падеже) или местоимение (в объектном падеже)

инфинитив

Существительное (в общем падеже) или местоимение (в именительном падеже)

сказуемое

инфинитив

1. 
   глаголами в страдательном залоге (to think, to know, to suppose, to hear, to see, to say, to report, to describe, to order);
   
2. 
   глаголами в действительном залоге (to seem, to happen, to appear, to prove, to turn out).
   

for

Существительное (в общем падеже) или местоимение (в объектном падеже)

инфинитив

1. 
   He can’t help you.
   
2. 
   My son likes to read books.
   
3. 
   I wanted to answer the letter but then I forgot.
   
4. 
   The captain was the last man to leave the ship.
   
5. 
   To save the child he rushed into the burning house.
   
6. 
   We saw the guests enter the house.
   
7. 
   We heard somebody open the window, and saw a man walk upstairs.
   
8. 
   He is considered to be a clever man.
   
9. 
   He was sees the library at 9 o’clock.
   
10. 
    He seems to have been writing a test for an hour already.
    
11. 
    She appeared to know several foreign languages.
    
12. 
    It is likely to rain.
    
13. 
    It is necessary for you to know the truth.
    
14. 
    He spoke too loud for us to hear.
    
15. 
    Here is a book for you to read.
    

1. 
   He was the first who broke the silence.
   
2. 
   There are a lot of things that need repairing.
   
3. 
   Would you be so kind and lend me your umbrella.
   
4. 
   He wished he had a younger brother with whom he could play.
   
5. 
   There was no place where he could sit.
   
6. 
   I can’t go to the party, I have nothing that I can wear.
   
7. 
   It is convenient that you have a balcony in your flat.
   

1. 
   She went to London. She wanted to find a job there.
   
2. 
   I’m buying paint. I want to paint my door.
   
3. 
   They got up very early. They wanted to get to the top of the hill before sunrise.
   
4. 
   He rang the bell. He wanted to tell us that dinner was ready.
   
5. 
   I took off my shoes. I didn’t wasn’t to make any noise.
   
6. 
   I’m learning Greek. I wish to read Homer.
   
7. 
   I’m saving money. I want to buy a car.
   

1. 
   It’s very cold. We can’t bathe.
   
2. 
   The boy is very young. He can’t have a front-door key.
   
3. 
   It was very dark. We couldn’t see the car.
   
4. 
   I sent him out of the room. I wanted to discuss his progress with the headmaster.
   
5. 
   We sent his children to his sister’s house. He wanted to have some peace.
   
6. 
   Don’t let the baby play with my glasses. He may break them.
   
7. 
   We must take our gloves. We don’t want to get frozen.
   

1. 
   They say that paper has been invented in China.
   
2. 
   Some people consider that Hamlet is the summit of Shakespeare’s art.
   
3. 
   They say that Nick lived on potatoes and vinegar.
   
4. 
   People know that he is armed.
   
5. 
   They believe that he was killed at the front.
   
6. 
   We expect that the expedition will reach the South Pole in May.
   
7. 
   We consider that she was the best singer in America.
   

1. 
   I know that she is a good teacher.
   
2. 
   Everybody believes that he is right.
   
3. 
   I have never heard how she plays the piano.
   
4. 
   The student expects that his article will be published.
   
5. 
   I saw as the driver opened the window and threw a box into the bushes.
   
6. 
   I felt as somebody looked at me.
   
7. 
   Nobody heard as he spoke on the telephone.
   

1. 
   They say that he is one of the best doctors at the hospital.
   
2. 
   People say this palace will be built in three years.
   
3. 
   The newspapers report that the President will arrive in Moscow tomorrow.
   
4. 
   Everybody knows him as a prominent public figure.
   
5. 
   They say that paper has been invented in China.
   
6. 
   We expect her to come tomorrow.
   
7. 
   We know that this student works much.
   

1. 
   To know everything is to know nothing.
   
2. 
   Talk of the devil and he is sure to appear.
   
3. 
   Live and let live.
   
4. 
   To help is human.
   

• 
  Наличие форм действительного и страдательного залога;
  
• 
  Наличие простых и перфектных глагольных форм;
  
• 
  Возможность иметь дополнение;
  
• 
  Возможность определяться наречием.
  

• 
  Часто выполняет в предложении синтаксические функции, которые характерны для существительного (подлежащее, часть сказуемого, прямое дополнение и др.);
  
• 
  Ему могут предшествовать определители (притяжательные местоимения и существительные в притяжательном падеже);
  
• 
  Может употребляться с предлогом.
  

	Действительный залог (Active)	Страдательный залог (Passive)
Indefinite Perfect	asking having asked	being asked having been asked

• 
  подлежащее (переводится существительным или инфинитивом);
  

• 
  часть сказуемого (переводится существительным или инфинитивом);
  

• 
  дополнение (переводится существительным или инфинитивом);
  

• 
  Определение – левого и правого. Правое всегда используется с предлогом. (переводится существительным, прилагательным или инфинитивом);
  

• 
  Обстоятельство (всегда с предлогом) (переводится существительным, инфинитивом или деепричастием).
  

Существительное (в притяжательном падеже) или притяжательное местоимение

герундий

1. 
   1) He finished speaking and sat down.
   

2. 
   Stop arguing and start working.
   
3. 
   The children prefer watching TV to reading.
   
4. 
   Walking is very useful.
   
5. 
   I had no hope of meeting her here.
   
6. 
   On seeing her parents the girl laughed.
   
7. 
   He is thinking of leaving his job and going to America.
   
8. 
   Did you hear of John’s having been sent abroad?
   
9. 
   She is looking forward to reading his new book.
   
10. 
    I don’t enjoy going to the doctor.
    
11. 
    Grammar is the art of speaking, reading and writing.
    

1. 
   I like to skate.
   
2. 
   I hate to read detective stories.
   
3. 
   I think to send him a telegramme.
   
4. 
   I remember to tell you about it.
   
5. 
   They stopped to smoke.
   
6. 
   They prefer to stay at home in the evening.
   
7. 
   He continued to speak to his friends.
   
8. 
   He kept to talk about the events.
   

1. 
   I hated the idea … going there.
   
2. 
   She said: “Excuse me … coming in … knocking.
   
3. 
   He insisted … accompanying them.
   
4. 
   “I am tired … being old and wise” my grandmother said.
   
5. 
   We’ll look forward … seeing you.
   
6. 
   I’m afraid I shan’t succeed … being kind and sympathetic in this situation.
   
7. 
   Both windows needed… cleaning.
   
8. 
   She could not bear … lying in the sun.
   

1. 
   Ted sat down without (speak).
   
2. 
   He did not go without (congratulate) Ann.
   
3. 
   She kept on (talk), her voice low and controlled.
   
4. 
   In the morning light, she was ashamed of herself for (be frightened) so the night before.
   
5. 
   Nobody looks his best after (sit) up all night.
   
6. 
   His legs were tired from (climb) for days.
   
7. 
   I know every man who is worth (know).
   
8. 
   There’s happiness in (be) alive.
   

1. 
   There are a lot of ways of … .
   
2. 
   What is your idea of … ?
   
3. 
   Do have the opportunity of … ?
   
4. 
   The film is worth … .
   
5. 
   I don’t like … .
   
6. 
   It’s no use … .
   
7. 
   Do you remember … ?
   
8. 
   He is busy … .
   
9. 
   There was no other way of … .
   

1. 
   Увидев клоуна, дети рассмеялись.
   
2. 
   Мальчик не отрицал, что потерял книгу.
   
3. 
   Учитель настаивал, чтобы мы записали новые слова.
   
4. 
   Эту книгу стоит прочитать.
   
5. 
   Я не одобряю того, что вы пропускаете уроки.
   
6. 
   Я устала от того, что со мной обращаются как с ребёнком.
   
7. 
   Мне не хочется идти на прогулку сейчас.
   
8. 
   Мне стыдно, что я сделала так много ошибок в последнем переводе.
   

1. 
   Seeing is believing.
   
2. 
   Repetition is the mother of learning.
   
3. 
   There’s no use crying over the spilt milk.